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BL terms and their use in the west


MaggieROBOT

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Hi, ladies and gentlemen! Today, I bring you a bit of history and information about the origins of some BL related terms. Of course, I'm not the supreme autority in japanese BL culture, very far from that, in fact I did a lot of research for this post, so feel free to correct any mistakes, I would love to learn more about it!

 

Let's start with the main one. What's Yaoi? In the west, is the most generic term to describe works that have romance and usually sex between two males. By now, you must have noticed that I never use this term, be it in this blog or around the forums. Why's that? Because it's a short for the expression "YAma nashi, Ochi nashi, Imi nashi" that roughly translates to "No climax, no ending, no meaning". Pretty much our classic "porn without plot". It was a term used by two manga artists in the '70s to dismiss poor quality doujinshis, and this was appropriated by early BL authors when the genre started to go beyond fanfiction of popular shounen series. Yeah, sure, the low quality and no plot parts are pretty much true for tons of male on male doujinshis I found around in the internet, but BL as a genre now is a lot more than just this! It's natural to distance itself of this old label now. Even if the fans accept it by learning how to laugh at themselves... I still prefer a serious label any day. Japanese sites that sells games and manga magazines all tag those works as BL now, so yaoi is way less used over there, except for refering to parody doujinshis and such. Here in the west, on the other hand, I see the term all the time used by either long time fans that didn't bother to switch out the term they got used to or by people outside the fanbase. Looking around here on Fuwanovel or VNDB, places where the bishoujoge fans far outnumbers the BL fans, like pretty much any other VN discussion place, I see the yaoi term being used quite a few times. Okay, in VNDB maybe it's because the tag is named like this and it could be too much unnecessary work to try to change it now, so they're forgiven for now.

 

Now now. What if a work have romance between two guys but no sex? Yaoi was for porn without plot, but what should we call the works that don't have porn either? Are you guys familiar with the expression Shounen Ai? Here in the west, that's exactly how we call these kinds of work! Well, too bad it's not exactly right. You see, Shounen Ai was a term to describe manga that were inspired by tanbi literature. These stories (both Shounen Ai and tanbi) were about the pursuit of beauty in the form of romance between a older man and a pure and innocent younger one (read as: teens, late teens or young adults. Younger than this is shotacon), with flowery language and unusual kanji. Meaning, the term Shounen Ai in Japan actually refers to pederasty (and that means "love of boys" in greek). Sure, these manga didn't exactly have any porn in it either, but the association of "no porn" and this term was never a thing in Japan. And they don't even use this term anymore, since this is pretty much a dead type of manga style anyway, much like tanbi. They call everything BL and the rest of the tags that gives away if it have porn or not.

 

But what about Bara? The even-more-niche gay romance works, usually created by gay men for a gay audience, full of very masculine guys? Are they also known by the name of BL in Japan, even if they are so different of their female oriented counterpart? No, they aren't called BL... and not Bara either. Bara probably comes from the name of a early popular gay magazine (that's not sold anymore) called Barazoku (translates to rose tribe). But that magazine didn't focus only in manga, it also contained news, short stories, interviews, pornographic pictures and even some space for personal advertisement to search for a romantic partner. It was the first gay magazine to be sold in popular bookshops of Japan, so that's maybe why the association was made. Hey, even BL was once called June, because that was the name of one of the earliest magazines for BL works! Well okay, that was some milestone, but guess japanese publishing industry don't use the association. So, what are more masculine guys romance games/manga called? Guess... ML, or Men's Love. Yep. Although, for manga, they also use Geikomi (as in gay comic). So yeah, if you ever want to look for this type of content in japanese sites, you know what you need to look for.

 

Not BL, but still interesting to mention, maybe the origin of the Yuri term... was a column of Barazoku that tried to appeal for lesbian readers named Yurizoku no Heya (Lily tribe's room) back in the '70s. And yes, Shoujo Ai is used in a similar manner than Shounen Ai, to refer to works that deals with pedophilia (I never saw a yuri manga with a lolicon girl though... but I'm still a yuri noob, there's still much for me to see). Unlike all other BL terms though, Yuri is vastly used in Japan, but GL (or Girl's Love) sometimes pops up here and there.

 

And now, to wrap things up, what's my opinion about all this terms mess? Frankly, I'm a bit torn... I really dislike the misuse of the terms, but how can little me do something to change such widespread terms in the west at this point? I'll also not even try to correct every single person that uses yaoi instead of BL, but now you know that it kinda annoys me a bit. The most important thing is that we can understand each other, even if we use different terms, but at least I tried to raise awareness so you don't embarrass yourself in your trip to Japan. Cheers!

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Very cool post, I still sometimes have problems with seperating how certain terms are used in Japan, among western otaku and in other fandoms, they flow through different communities pretty much gaining seperate meanings in every one of them. :] 

BTW, talking about pedophilia in connection to Japanese media is always a bit risky thing to do, the first thing it that it's a medical term that is generally overused in various contexts, the second one is that it pretty strictly relates to sexual attraction to pre-puberty children (basically primary school-age kids or younger), so there's a lot of questionable sexual scenarios that doesn't really fit the term, even if they're within the definition of "child porn" by western standards or would be simply socially unacceptable. 

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A word of advice - japanese don't use the terms shoujo/shonen ai. Those have been both invented and introduced in the west by the community as means to separate more sexually explicit works (which are typically 18+ only) from tamer publications that typically deal only with romance (or both, but don't show the former). In Japan, these are referred to as either yaoi or yuri regardless of their themes and japanese readers typically don't place such distinctions for their works, either.

Edited by Narcosis
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8 minutes ago, Narcosis said:

A word of advice - japanese don't use the terms shoujo/shonen ai. Those have been both invented and introduced in the west by the community as means to separate more sexually explicit works (which are typically 18+ only) from tamer publications that typically deal only with romance (or both, but doesn't show the former). In Japan, these are referred to as either yaoi or yuri regardless of their themes and japanese readers typically don't place such distinctions for their works, either.

I'm amazed at your level of not reading the post tbh this is high skill

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14 hours ago, Plk_Lesiak said:

BTW, talking about pedophilia in connection to Japanese media is always a bit risky thing to do, the first thing it that it's a medical term that is generally overused in various contexts, the second one is that it pretty strictly relates to sexual attraction to pre-puberty children (basically primary school-age kids or younger), so there's a lot of questionable sexual scenarios that doesn't really fit the term, even if they're within the definition of "child porn" by western standards or would be simply socially unacceptable. 

Hey, thanks for the input! I really... struggled with this word while writing, should I use, should I not? Like I said, I never saw a manga that with huge age gaps in yuri, so I didn't even have an example to check. I have limited knowledge in the field, so if you think it was inappropriate, please do tell me!

Edited by MaggieROBOT
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Guest

Posted (edited)

Swear for a moment I thought this was a post about the Uke, Seme & Seke thing. zoD

But really good post! I think the term that is used form the bara counterpart of Yuri is "Josei Yuri" or "Josei GL" (WL, Woman's Love maybe?), but, I'm not so sure.

Edited by Guest
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Just now, SeniorBlitz said:

Swear for a moment I thought this was a post about the Uke, Seme & Seke thing. zoD

Since you want, seme and uke comes from martial arts terms, taken from the verbs "to attack" and "to receive". Seke is just a portmanteau, to describe a character that goes both roles.

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1 minute ago, MaggieROBOT said:

Since you want, seme and uke comes from martial arts terms, taken from the verbs "to attack" and "to receive". 

I didn't know that. 

 

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Posted (edited)

16 minutes ago, Zakamutt said:

That said I personally don't like the whole power thing and would like couples to be more equal...

This type of thing was created as way to make the homo couples more "hetero" since some publishers wouldn't sell the manga unless it followed the "stereotypical hetero" couple type of role (this also one of the reason way BL have some very feminine guys, not only to please the female audience but also to get more publishers to be okay with publishing this type of content). Yes it is time we drop it.

Edited by Guest
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3 hours ago, MaggieROBOT said:

Hey, thanks for the input! I really... struggled with this word while writing, should I use, should I not? Like I said, I never saw a manga that with huge age gaps in yuri, so I didn't even have an example to check. I have limited knowledge in the field, so if you think it was inappropriate, please do tell me!

Well, I simply think this term is used in a way that makes it lose any real meaning - it's better to simply avoid it unless for really clear-cut cases (that is, when you have an erotic plot with an adult and a pre-puberty child, like this SonoHana game for example). A romance between an adult and an older teenager might be "illegal" by our standards but doesn't have to appeal to pedophiles or be targeted towards them. And not every case of child rape or child molestation is connected to pedophilia whatsoever. So, when you use this term for broad generalizations, you'll more likely than not miss the point - it's not criticism, as I see it done everywhere and it's hard to really see through the misconception unless you deal with the topic in some more or less systematic ways (as both my master's thesis and my PhD project are primarily in porn studies, the discussion about pedophilia and child porn is something I've gone through dozens of times).

Edited by Plk_Lesiak
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1 hour ago, Zakamutt said:

I think tachi and neko are more common for yuri, it's mentioned in Kindred Spirits actually kek. That said I personally don't like the whole power thing and would like couples to be more equal...

Aaah, I see! I really need to read Kindred Spirits, seems like a lovely game, it's on my backlog since forever...

57 minutes ago, SeniorBlitz said:

Yes it is time we drop it.

^This, a hundred times over.

28 minutes ago, Plk_Lesiak said:

Well, I simply think this term is used in a way that makes it lose any real meaning - it's better to simply avoid it unless for really clear-cut cases (that is, when you have an erotic plot with an adult and a pre-puberty child, like this SonoHana game for example). A romance between an adult and an older teenager might be "illegal" by our standards but doesn't have to appeal to pedophiles or be targeted towards them. And not every case of child rape or child molestation is connected to pedophilia whatsoever. So, when you use this term for broad generalizations, you'll more likely than not miss the point - it's not criticism, as I see it done everywhere and it's hard to really see through the misconception unless you deal with the topic in some more or less systematic ways (as both my master's thesis and my PhD project are primarily in porn studies, the discussion about pedophilia and child porn is something I've gone through dozens of times).

Oh, thank you so much for such detailed response! I'll be more careful!

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